Određivanje ukupnog sadržaja polifenola u ekstraktima različitih sorti kafe i uticaj parametara ekstrakcije

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Zdravka Jovanović Nebojša Vasiljković http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3789-9975 Vladimir Micić http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-4879

Apstrakt

U ovom radu ispitivan je uticaj procesnih parametara — temperature, vremena i odnosa biljna droga:rastvarač - na efikasnost ekstrakcije ukupnih fenolnih jedinjenja i flavonoida iz tri različita uzorka  mlevene pržene kafe. Kafa, kao kompleksna smeša bogata fitohemikalijama, predstavlja značajan izvor prirodnih antioksidanasa, prvenstveno hlorogenske kiseline, čija izolacija direktno zavisi od primenjenih uslova ekstrakcije.


Metodološki pristup obuhvatio je detaljnu karakterizaciju polaznog materijala. Za određivanje raspodele veličine čestica mlevene, pržene kafe primenjena je metoda difrakcije laserske svetlosti, dok je za identifikaciju funkcionalnih grupa i hemijskih karakteristika uzorka korišćena infracrvena spektroskopija sa Furijeovom transformacijom (FTIR).


Granulometrijskom analizom utvrđene su značajne razlike u veličini čestica, gde je Uzorak 1 bio najfinije mleven, dok su uzorci 2 i 3 pokazali znatno krupniju strukturu. FTIR spektroskopija potvrdila je prisustvo ključnih funkcionalnih grupa polifenola, pri čemu je intenzitet pikova na ≈ 3300 i 1030 cm-1 ukazao na to da Uzorak 3 poseduje najviši inicijalni bioaktivni potencijal.


Eksperimentalni rezultati dobijeni metodom maceracije pokazali su da su temperatura od 85 °C i vreme ekstrakcije od 30 minuta optimalni za postizanje maksimalnog prinosa kod svih uzoraka. Povećanje odnosa faza sa 1:20 na 1:30 (m/v) dodatno je unapredilo efikasnost procesa obezbeđivanjem povoljnijeg koncentracionog gradijenta.


Ključni nalaz istraživanja je da Uzorak 3, uprkos najnepovoljnijem granulometrijskom sastavu, ostvaruje apsolutne maksimalne vrednosti sadržaja fenola i flavonoida. Ovo potvrđuje da hemijski sastav sirovine i optimizacija procesnih parametara (visoka temperatura i veća zapremina rastvarača) imaju presudan uticaj na finalni kvalitet ekstrakta, nadmašujući fizička ograničenja veličine čestica. Dobijeni rezultati pružaju naučnu osnovu za optimizaciju ekstrakcije antioksidanasa iz kafe na industrijskom nivou za potrebe prehrambene i farmaceutske industrije.

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Kako citirati
JOVANOVIĆ, Zdravka; VASILJKOVIĆ, Nebojša; MICIĆ, Vladimir. Određivanje ukupnog sadržaja polifenola u ekstraktima različitih sorti kafe i uticaj parametara ekstrakcije. Zbornik Međunarodnog kongresa o procesnoj industriji – Procesing, [S.l.], v. 39, n. 1, p. 63-75, july 2026. Dostupno na: <http://izdanja.smeits.rs/index.php/ptk/article/view/8334>. Datum pristupa: 07 aug. 2026 doi: https://doi.org/10.24094/ptk.026.1.063.
Sekcija
Procesne tehnologije, operacije, aparati i mašine u procesnoj industriji

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