Mogućnost valorizacije pepela suncokretove ljuske u proizvodnji mineralnih granulisanih đubriva u skladu sa principima cirkularne ekonomije‚
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Jul 19, 2026
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Alija Salkunić
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5372-1018
Dejan Todorović
Nikola Belobaba
Julijana Bogićević
Slavica Bogdanović
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5372-1018
Dejan Todorović
Nikola Belobaba
Julijana Bogićević
Slavica Bogdanović
Apstrakt
U radu je ispitana mogućnost valorizacije pepela suncokretove ljuske, nastalog kao nusproizvod termičkog tretmana biomase, u cilju delimične supstitucije mineralnih sirovina u proizvodnji NPK đubriva. Primarni cilj bio je razvoj formulacije kompleksnog granulisanog đubriva NPK 6:12:24 + 6% S koja zadržava visok nutritivni kvalitet uz potpunu bezbednost po zdravlje ljudi i životnu sredinu.
Sprovedena je detaljna fizičko-hemijska karakterizacija uzorka pepela, sa posebnim fokusom na sadržaj primarnih nutrijenata i teških metala. Laboratorijska granulacija varijanti sa dodatkom 30 kg/t i 50 kg/t pepela realizovana je u Eirich granulatoru, uz primenu mineralnih kiselina i soli koje se standardno koriste u procesu proizvodnje đubriva. Finalni proizvodi su podvrgnuti laboratorijskom testiranju, a bezbednost je proverena u skladu sa kriterijumima Uredbe (EU) 2019/1009.
Laboratorijske analize potvrdile su da je pepeo suncokreta izuzetno bogat kalijumom (48,33% K2O), pri čemu je preko 93% ovog elementa u vodorastvornom obliku. Iako sam pepeo sadrži povišene koncentracije nikla i šestovalentnog hroma, rezultati ispitivanja finalnih đubriva pokazuju da su vrednosti svih teških metala višestruko niže od zakonski dozvoljenih granica, zahvaljujući efektu razblaživanja unutar normativa. Varijanta sa 50 kg/t pepela pokazala je najveći potencijal za supstituciju mineralnih soli, uz blago povećanje egzotermne reakcije tokom procesa granulacije.
Istraživanje dokazuje da pepeo suncokretove ljuske predstavlja konkurentnu i ekološki opravdanu alternativu tradicionalnim izvorima kalijuma. Implementacija ovog rešenja direktno doprinosi principima cirkularne ekonomije, omogućavajući povratak nutrijenata u zemljište i smanjenje deponovanja industrijskog otpada, uz punu usklađenost sa evropskom regulativom.
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Kako citirati
SALKUNIĆ, Alija et al.
Mogućnost valorizacije pepela suncokretove ljuske u proizvodnji mineralnih granulisanih đubriva u skladu sa principima cirkularne ekonomije‚.
Zbornik Međunarodnog kongresa o procesnoj industriji – Procesing, [S.l.], v. 39, n. 1, p. 325-341, july 2026.
Dostupno na: <http://izdanja.smeits.rs/index.php/ptk/article/view/8360>. Datum pristupa: 07 aug. 2026
doi: https://doi.org/10.24094/ptk.026.1.325.
Sekcija
Inženjerstvo životne sredine i održivi razvoj
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[22] Zhu, Z., C. Zhang, R. Liu, S. Li, M. Wang, Sunflower straw ash as an alternative activator in alkali-activated grouts: A new 100% waste-based material, Ceramics International, 49 (2023), pp. 32308–32312.
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[25] Rushan, G., V. Sotnikov, Characteristics of granulated activated carbon from a mixture of plant raw material waste, Bulletin of Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Assets Engineering, 335 (2024), pp. 196–205.
[26] Mirparsa, T., H. R. Ganjali, M. Dahmardehe, The effect of bio fertilizers on yield and yield compo-nents of sunflower oil seed and nut, International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences, 5 (2016), pp. 46–49.
[27] Yelatontsev, D., A. Mukhachev, Utilizing of sunflower ash in the wet conversion of phosphogyp-sum—A comparative study, Environmental Challenges, 5 (2021), 100241.
[28] Serbănoiu, A. A., C. M. Gradinaru, N. Cimpoesu, D. Filipeanu, B. V. Serbanoiu, C. C. Chereches, Study of an ecological cement-based composite with a sustainable raw material, sunflower stalk ash, Materials, 14 (2021), 7177.
[29] Ninkov, J., S. Jakšić, P. Nenin, M. Gvozdenović, B. Mijić, B. Radović, S. Milić, Waste ashes from burned sunflower hulls as new fertilising materials, Environmental Engineering – Inženjerstvo okoliša, 10 (2023), pp. 19–23.
[30] Zgureva-Filipova, D., V. Nikolova, L. Krasteva, K. Filipov, Self-sustaining double-stage circularity through utilization of sunflower agriculture’s waste in bio-fertilizers: Commissioning of a full-scale fa-cility, Applied Sciences, 15 (2025), 2203.
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