Održiva zgrada u gradskim sredinama: Izazovi i prepreke u predstojećim decenijama
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Jan 16, 2017
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U radu je ukazano na dramatičan porast svetske populacije koja živi u velikim gradovima i na višestruke posledice do kojih ova preraspodela stanovništva dovodi. To se pre svega odnosi na znatno povećanje vrednosti građevinskih projekata u Evropi, koje sa sobom nosi izuzetan porast zapošljavanja u ovoj oblasti, prevashodnu upotrebu odgovarajućih građevinskih materijala, kao i potrošnju energije koja iznosi 40% od ukupne potrošnje energije u svetu. Evropska direktiva o energetskim karakteristikama zgrada, sa izmenjenom verzijom 2010/21/EC, predstavlja značajan zakonski okvir za efikasniju upotrebu energije u zgradama. Rad se takođe bavi istorijskim razvojem politike u građevinskom sektoru, razmatrajući granice toplotne provodljivosti za omotače zgrada, uticaj ove politike na kvalitet unutrašnjeg vazduha, kao i na promene do kojih je dovela značajna upotreba sobnih klimatizera. Takođe se ukazuje na načine pomoću kojih je moguće uticati na rashladna opterećenja zgrada, sa posebnim osvrtom na kombinacije ovih uticaja.
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PAPADOPOULOS, A. M..
Održiva zgrada u gradskim sredinama: Izazovi i prepreke u predstojećim decenijama.
KGH – Klimatizacija, grejanje, hlađenje, [S.l.], v. 40, n. 1, p. 85-90, jan. 2017.
ISSN 2560-340X.
Dostupno na: <https://izdanja.smeits.rs/index.php/kgh/article/view/1302>. Datum pristupa: 17 apr. 2026
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Reference
[1] Avgelis, A. and A. M. Papadopoulos, (2003), The effect of ventilation on the indoor environmental quality in a natural ventilated office building, a case study, Proceedings of 8th CEST, Lemnos, Greece, 8 – 11. 9. 2003, (CD Rom).
[2] Avgelis, A., E. Giama, A. Karamanos, K. Papageorgiou and A. M. Papadopoulos, (2004), A comparative Life Cycle Analysis case study of a Constant and a Variable Air Volume system in an educational building, Proceedings of 6th Biannual International HVAC&R Symposium, Istanbul, Turkey, 3 – 5. 5. 2004.
[3] Awbi, B. H., (1998), Chapter 7 – Ventilation, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 2, pp. 157 – 188.
[4] Casals, X. G., (2006) Analysis of building energy regulation and certification in Europe: Their role, limitations and differences, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 38, pp. 381 – 392.
[5] *** EERAC (1999), Energy Efficiency of Room Air – ‘Conditioners, Final report of the EERAC project, SAVE Programme.
[6] *** European Commission, Directorate General for Energy and Transport (2005), Green Paper on Energy Efficiency, Luxembourg, pp. 42 – 43.
[7] Faruqui, A., C. Hung – ‘Po, V. Niemeyer, J. Platt and K. Stahlkopf, (2001), Analyzing California – ™s power crisis, Energy, Vol. 22, pp. 29 – 52.
[8] *** Freedonia Group Inc (2002), World HVAC Equipment, Cleveland.
[9] Hassid, S., M. Sanatamouris, N. Papanikolaou, A. Linardi, N. Klitsikas, C. Georgakis and D. N. Assimakopoulos, (2000) The effect of the Athens heat island on air conditioning load, Energy and Buildings, 2000, Vol. 32, pp. 131 – 141.
[10] Henning, M. H., Air – ‘Conditioning with solar energy, SERVITEC meeting, Barcelona, 30. 10 – 4. 11. 2000.
[11] Hirst, E. and J. Jackson, (1977) Historical patterns of residential and commercial energy uses, Energy, Vol. 2, pp. 131 – 140.
[12] Ihle, C., (1996), Klimatechnik, Werner – ‘Verlag, Duesseldorf, pp. 283 – 287 (in German).
[13] Janssen, E. J., (1999), The history of ventilation and temperature control, ASHRAE Journal, Vol. September – October, pp. 47 – 52.
[14] *** March Consulting Group (1998), Opportunities to minimize emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) from the European Union, United Kingdom.
[15] Miguez, J. L., J. Porteiro, L. M. Lopez – ‘Gonzalez, J. E. Vicuna, S. Murillo, J. C. Moran, E. and Granada, (2006) Review of energy rating of dwellings in the European Union as a mechanism for sustainable energy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 10, pp. 24 – 45.
[16] Nadel, S., A. deLaski, J. Kliesch, A. M. Shipley, E. Osann and C. Harak, (2004), Powerful Priorities: Updating Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential Furnaces, Commercial Air Conditioners, and Distribution Transformers, ACEEE, pp. 45 – 62.
[17] Oke, T. R., G. T. Johnson, D. G. Steyn and I. D. Watson, (1991) Simulation of surface urban heat islands under "ideal – conditions at night: Part 2. Diagnosis of causation, Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 56, pp. 339 – 358.
[18] Papadopoulos, A. M., (2001), Τhe influence of street canyons on the cooling loads of buildings and the performance of air conditioning systems, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 601 – 607.
[19] Papadopoulos, A. M., T. Theodosiou and K. Karatzas, (2002), Feasibility of energy saving renovation measures in urban buildings: The impact of energy prices and the acceptable pay back time criterion, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 34, pp. 455 – 466.
[20] Papadopoulos, A. M., S. Oxizidis and N. Kyriakis, (2003), Perspectives of solar cooling in view of the developments in the air – ‘conditioning sector, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 419 – 438.
[21] Papadopoulos, A. M., S. Oxizidis, H. Doukas and I. Samlidis, (2004), Constrains and potential for the propagation of solar refrigeration in the building sector, Ktirio, Vol. A – B, pp. 41 – 50 (in Greek).
[22] Papadopoulos, A. M., (2005), State of the art in thermal insulation materials and aims for future developments, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 77 – 86.
[23] Papadopoulos, M. (1977), Thermal insulation of buildings, Kyriakides, Thessaloniki, pp. 22 – 30 (in Greek).
[24] Petersen, S. L., M. Togeby, (2001) Demand for space heating in apartment blocks: Measuring effects of policy measures aiming at reducing energy consumption, Energy Economics, Vol. 23, pp. 387 – 403.
[25] *** PPC, Hellenic Public Power Corporation, Annual Technical Bulletins for the years 1988 – 2000, Athens, 1989 – 2001, (in Greek).
[26] *** RAC (2003), Four Years after: The RAC story, Eurovent/Cecomaf Review, No. 57.
[27] *** RAE, Regulatory Authority of Energy, Synoptic report on the situation of the electricity market, 2004, Athens (in Greek).
[28] *** RAE, Regulatory Authority of Energy, Internal report report on the electricity sector, 2005, Athens (in Greek).
[29] Railio, J., (2006), EPBD: Influences on European standardization and on ventilation and air – ‘conditioning industry, REHVA Journal, vol. 1, pp. 19 – 23.
[30] Reiss, J., H. Erhorn and M. Reiber, (2002), Energy renovated residential buildings measures – energy savings – costs, IRB Verlag (in German).
[31] Santamouris, M., N. Papanikolaou, I. Livada, I. Koronakis, C. Georgakis, A. Argiriou and D. N. Assimakopoulos, (2001), On the impact of urban climate on the energy consumption of buildings, Solar Energy, Vol. 70, pp. 201 – 216.
[32] Schittich, C., (2003), From passive utilisation to a smart solar architecture, Solares Bauen, Birkhäuser/Edition Detail, pp. 13 – 25 (in German).
[33] *** United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Protecting the Ozone Layer – Volume 1: Refrigerants, July, 2001.
[34] *** UNESCO (1992), Our common future, Paris, pp. 6, 32. [35] Vine, E. (2003), Opportunities for promoting energy efficiency in buildings as an air quality compliance approach, Energy, Vol. 28, pp. 319 – 341.
[36] Wargocki, P., P. D. Wyon, K. Y. Baik, G. Clausen and P. O. Fanger, (1999), Perceived air quality, sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms and productivity in an office with two different pollution loads, Indoor Air, Vol. 9, pp. 165 – 179.
[2] Avgelis, A., E. Giama, A. Karamanos, K. Papageorgiou and A. M. Papadopoulos, (2004), A comparative Life Cycle Analysis case study of a Constant and a Variable Air Volume system in an educational building, Proceedings of 6th Biannual International HVAC&R Symposium, Istanbul, Turkey, 3 – 5. 5. 2004.
[3] Awbi, B. H., (1998), Chapter 7 – Ventilation, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 2, pp. 157 – 188.
[4] Casals, X. G., (2006) Analysis of building energy regulation and certification in Europe: Their role, limitations and differences, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 38, pp. 381 – 392.
[5] *** EERAC (1999), Energy Efficiency of Room Air – ‘Conditioners, Final report of the EERAC project, SAVE Programme.
[6] *** European Commission, Directorate General for Energy and Transport (2005), Green Paper on Energy Efficiency, Luxembourg, pp. 42 – 43.
[7] Faruqui, A., C. Hung – ‘Po, V. Niemeyer, J. Platt and K. Stahlkopf, (2001), Analyzing California – ™s power crisis, Energy, Vol. 22, pp. 29 – 52.
[8] *** Freedonia Group Inc (2002), World HVAC Equipment, Cleveland.
[9] Hassid, S., M. Sanatamouris, N. Papanikolaou, A. Linardi, N. Klitsikas, C. Georgakis and D. N. Assimakopoulos, (2000) The effect of the Athens heat island on air conditioning load, Energy and Buildings, 2000, Vol. 32, pp. 131 – 141.
[10] Henning, M. H., Air – ‘Conditioning with solar energy, SERVITEC meeting, Barcelona, 30. 10 – 4. 11. 2000.
[11] Hirst, E. and J. Jackson, (1977) Historical patterns of residential and commercial energy uses, Energy, Vol. 2, pp. 131 – 140.
[12] Ihle, C., (1996), Klimatechnik, Werner – ‘Verlag, Duesseldorf, pp. 283 – 287 (in German).
[13] Janssen, E. J., (1999), The history of ventilation and temperature control, ASHRAE Journal, Vol. September – October, pp. 47 – 52.
[14] *** March Consulting Group (1998), Opportunities to minimize emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) from the European Union, United Kingdom.
[15] Miguez, J. L., J. Porteiro, L. M. Lopez – ‘Gonzalez, J. E. Vicuna, S. Murillo, J. C. Moran, E. and Granada, (2006) Review of energy rating of dwellings in the European Union as a mechanism for sustainable energy, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 10, pp. 24 – 45.
[16] Nadel, S., A. deLaski, J. Kliesch, A. M. Shipley, E. Osann and C. Harak, (2004), Powerful Priorities: Updating Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential Furnaces, Commercial Air Conditioners, and Distribution Transformers, ACEEE, pp. 45 – 62.
[17] Oke, T. R., G. T. Johnson, D. G. Steyn and I. D. Watson, (1991) Simulation of surface urban heat islands under "ideal – conditions at night: Part 2. Diagnosis of causation, Boundary Layer Meteorology, Vol. 56, pp. 339 – 358.
[18] Papadopoulos, A. M., (2001), Τhe influence of street canyons on the cooling loads of buildings and the performance of air conditioning systems, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 601 – 607.
[19] Papadopoulos, A. M., T. Theodosiou and K. Karatzas, (2002), Feasibility of energy saving renovation measures in urban buildings: The impact of energy prices and the acceptable pay back time criterion, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 34, pp. 455 – 466.
[20] Papadopoulos, A. M., S. Oxizidis and N. Kyriakis, (2003), Perspectives of solar cooling in view of the developments in the air – ‘conditioning sector, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 419 – 438.
[21] Papadopoulos, A. M., S. Oxizidis, H. Doukas and I. Samlidis, (2004), Constrains and potential for the propagation of solar refrigeration in the building sector, Ktirio, Vol. A – B, pp. 41 – 50 (in Greek).
[22] Papadopoulos, A. M., (2005), State of the art in thermal insulation materials and aims for future developments, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 77 – 86.
[23] Papadopoulos, M. (1977), Thermal insulation of buildings, Kyriakides, Thessaloniki, pp. 22 – 30 (in Greek).
[24] Petersen, S. L., M. Togeby, (2001) Demand for space heating in apartment blocks: Measuring effects of policy measures aiming at reducing energy consumption, Energy Economics, Vol. 23, pp. 387 – 403.
[25] *** PPC, Hellenic Public Power Corporation, Annual Technical Bulletins for the years 1988 – 2000, Athens, 1989 – 2001, (in Greek).
[26] *** RAC (2003), Four Years after: The RAC story, Eurovent/Cecomaf Review, No. 57.
[27] *** RAE, Regulatory Authority of Energy, Synoptic report on the situation of the electricity market, 2004, Athens (in Greek).
[28] *** RAE, Regulatory Authority of Energy, Internal report report on the electricity sector, 2005, Athens (in Greek).
[29] Railio, J., (2006), EPBD: Influences on European standardization and on ventilation and air – ‘conditioning industry, REHVA Journal, vol. 1, pp. 19 – 23.
[30] Reiss, J., H. Erhorn and M. Reiber, (2002), Energy renovated residential buildings measures – energy savings – costs, IRB Verlag (in German).
[31] Santamouris, M., N. Papanikolaou, I. Livada, I. Koronakis, C. Georgakis, A. Argiriou and D. N. Assimakopoulos, (2001), On the impact of urban climate on the energy consumption of buildings, Solar Energy, Vol. 70, pp. 201 – 216.
[32] Schittich, C., (2003), From passive utilisation to a smart solar architecture, Solares Bauen, Birkhäuser/Edition Detail, pp. 13 – 25 (in German).
[33] *** United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Protecting the Ozone Layer – Volume 1: Refrigerants, July, 2001.
[34] *** UNESCO (1992), Our common future, Paris, pp. 6, 32. [35] Vine, E. (2003), Opportunities for promoting energy efficiency in buildings as an air quality compliance approach, Energy, Vol. 28, pp. 319 – 341.
[36] Wargocki, P., P. D. Wyon, K. Y. Baik, G. Clausen and P. O. Fanger, (1999), Perceived air quality, sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms and productivity in an office with two different pollution loads, Indoor Air, Vol. 9, pp. 165 – 179.