Hlađenje, klimatizacija i sistemi sa toplotnim pumpama - trendovi razvoja
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Nov 25, 2016
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U cilju prekida upotrebe i redukcije gasova koji razgrađuju ozonski omotač i pospešuju globalno zagrevanje Zemlje, industrija rashladnih i klima-uređaja i industrija toplotnih pumpi imaju potrebe za novim rešenjima i tehnologijama. Ove potrebe su pokrenule veoma važan tehnološki napredak. U cilju postizanja našeg zajedničkog cilja, potrebno je mnogo teškog rada i moraju se koristiti umeće i imaginacija svih raspoloživih istraživačkih i razvojnih grupa na univerzitetima, u istraživačkim institutima i u industriji. Najveći izazov pri korišćenju prirodnih radnih fluida je napraviti bezbedan i odgovarajući sistem koji može da se "takmiči" sa konvencionalnim HFC sistemima u pogledu energetske efikasnosti i troškova.
U trećem milenijumu, omogućavanje znatno pažljivijeg tretmana materijala osetljivih na toplotu, kao što su prehrambeni proizvodi, imaće sve značajniju ulogu, koja se može ispuniti pomoću sušara sa toplotnim pumpama.
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Kako citirati
STROMMEN, I. et al.
Hlađenje, klimatizacija i sistemi sa toplotnim pumpama - trendovi razvoja.
KGH – Klimatizacija, grejanje, hlađenje, [S.l.], v. 30, n. 3, p. 73-79, nov. 2016.
ISSN 2560-340X.
Dostupno na: <https://izdanja.smeits.rs/index.php/kgh/article/view/779>. Datum pristupa: 10 aug. 2026
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Reference
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[2] Stera, A.: Ammonia in Ships, Proceedings, IIAR 16th Annual Meeting, march 6-9, Sl. Louis, Missouri (US), 1994, pp. 90-129.
[3] Frivik, P. E.: New Applications in the Use of Natural Refrigerants, FREE '95 -Refrigeranti sintetici o naturali, Bologna, Italy, 1995.
[4] Ishida, W.: Trends of Room/Packaged Air Conditioners in the World, Japan Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration News, May 25, 1998, 352-S, p. 17.
[5] Pettersen, J., R. Aarlien, P. Neksa, G. Skaugen, K. Aflekt: A comparative Evaluation of CO2 and R22 Residential Air-Conditioning Systems in a Japanese Climate, Proceedings, IEA/IIR Workshop on CO2 Technologies in Refrigeration, Heat Pump and Air-Conditioning Systems, Trondheim, November 6-7, 1997, pp.177-191.
[6] Aarlien, R., P. E. Frivik: Comparison of Practical Performance between CO2 and Reversible Heat Pumps for Residential Use, Proceedings, IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference -Natural Working Fluids '98, Oslo, Norway, June 2-5, 1998, pp. 388-398.
[7] * * *: IEA-HPC, Domestic Hot Water heat Pumps in Residential and Commercial Buildings, Analysis Report HPC-AR2, lEA Heat Pump Centre, 1993, 115 pages.
[8] Neksa, P., H. Rekstad, G. R. Zakeri, P. A. Schiefloe: CO2 Heat Pump Water Heater: Characteristics System Design and Experimental Results, International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 21, 3, 1998, pp. 172-179.
[9] Neksa, P. H., Rekstad, G. R. Zakeri, P. A. Schiefloe, M. C. Svensson: Commercial Heat Pumps for Water Heating and Heat Recovery, Workshop on CO2 Technology in Refrigeration, Heat Pump and Air-Conditioning Systems, Mainz, Germany, 1999.
[10] Neksa, P., S. Girotto, P. A. Schiefloe: Commercial Refrigeration Using CO2 as Refrigerant-System Design and Experimental Results, IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference -Natural Working Fluids '98, Oslo, Norway, June 2-5, 1998, pp. 270-280.
[11] * * *: UNEP. Section 10: Mobile Air Conditioning, Report of the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee, 1995 Assessment, 1994.
[12] * * *: AFEAS: Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study, Webpage (http://www. afeas.org/), Fluorocarbon Industry Consortium, 1999.
[13] Lorentzen, G., J. Pettersen: New Possibilities for Non-CFC Refrigeration, Proceedings, IIR Symposium on Refrigeration, Energy and Environment, Trondheim , Norway, June 22-24, 1992, pp. 147-163.
[14] Yin, J. M., J. Pettersen, R. McEnaney, A. Beaver: TEWI Comparison of R744 and R134a Systems for Mobile Air Conditioning, SAE Paper 1999-01-0582, presented at the 1999 SAE International Cong ress and Exposition , Detroit, Michigan (US), March 1-4, 1999.
[15] Pettersen, J., A. Hafner, G. Skaugen, H. Rekstad: Development of Compact Heat Exchangers for CO2 Air Conditionig Systems, International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 21, No.3, 1998, pp. 180-193.
[16] Hafner, A., J. Pettersen, G. Skaugen, P. Neksa: An Automobile HVAC System with CO2 as the Refrigerant, Proceedings, IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference -Natural Working Fluids '98, Oslo, Norway, June 2-5,1998, pp. 335-345
[17] Baker, C. K. J., D. Reay: Energy Usage for Drying in Selected UK Industrial Sectors, Proceedings of the Third International Drying Symposium, Birmingham, England, Vol. 1, 1982, pp. 201-210
[18] Jonassen, O., I. Strommen: Non-adiabatic Heat Pump Fluidized Bed Drying of a Sticky Biological Material, 9th International Drying Symposium, Gold Coast, Australia, 1994.
[2] Stera, A.: Ammonia in Ships, Proceedings, IIAR 16th Annual Meeting, march 6-9, Sl. Louis, Missouri (US), 1994, pp. 90-129.
[3] Frivik, P. E.: New Applications in the Use of Natural Refrigerants, FREE '95 -Refrigeranti sintetici o naturali, Bologna, Italy, 1995.
[4] Ishida, W.: Trends of Room/Packaged Air Conditioners in the World, Japan Air Conditioning, Heating & Refrigeration News, May 25, 1998, 352-S, p. 17.
[5] Pettersen, J., R. Aarlien, P. Neksa, G. Skaugen, K. Aflekt: A comparative Evaluation of CO2 and R22 Residential Air-Conditioning Systems in a Japanese Climate, Proceedings, IEA/IIR Workshop on CO2 Technologies in Refrigeration, Heat Pump and Air-Conditioning Systems, Trondheim, November 6-7, 1997, pp.177-191.
[6] Aarlien, R., P. E. Frivik: Comparison of Practical Performance between CO2 and Reversible Heat Pumps for Residential Use, Proceedings, IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference -Natural Working Fluids '98, Oslo, Norway, June 2-5, 1998, pp. 388-398.
[7] * * *: IEA-HPC, Domestic Hot Water heat Pumps in Residential and Commercial Buildings, Analysis Report HPC-AR2, lEA Heat Pump Centre, 1993, 115 pages.
[8] Neksa, P., H. Rekstad, G. R. Zakeri, P. A. Schiefloe: CO2 Heat Pump Water Heater: Characteristics System Design and Experimental Results, International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 21, 3, 1998, pp. 172-179.
[9] Neksa, P. H., Rekstad, G. R. Zakeri, P. A. Schiefloe, M. C. Svensson: Commercial Heat Pumps for Water Heating and Heat Recovery, Workshop on CO2 Technology in Refrigeration, Heat Pump and Air-Conditioning Systems, Mainz, Germany, 1999.
[10] Neksa, P., S. Girotto, P. A. Schiefloe: Commercial Refrigeration Using CO2 as Refrigerant-System Design and Experimental Results, IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference -Natural Working Fluids '98, Oslo, Norway, June 2-5, 1998, pp. 270-280.
[11] * * *: UNEP. Section 10: Mobile Air Conditioning, Report of the Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps Technical Options Committee, 1995 Assessment, 1994.
[12] * * *: AFEAS: Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study, Webpage (http://www. afeas.org/), Fluorocarbon Industry Consortium, 1999.
[13] Lorentzen, G., J. Pettersen: New Possibilities for Non-CFC Refrigeration, Proceedings, IIR Symposium on Refrigeration, Energy and Environment, Trondheim , Norway, June 22-24, 1992, pp. 147-163.
[14] Yin, J. M., J. Pettersen, R. McEnaney, A. Beaver: TEWI Comparison of R744 and R134a Systems for Mobile Air Conditioning, SAE Paper 1999-01-0582, presented at the 1999 SAE International Cong ress and Exposition , Detroit, Michigan (US), March 1-4, 1999.
[15] Pettersen, J., A. Hafner, G. Skaugen, H. Rekstad: Development of Compact Heat Exchangers for CO2 Air Conditionig Systems, International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 21, No.3, 1998, pp. 180-193.
[16] Hafner, A., J. Pettersen, G. Skaugen, P. Neksa: An Automobile HVAC System with CO2 as the Refrigerant, Proceedings, IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference -Natural Working Fluids '98, Oslo, Norway, June 2-5,1998, pp. 335-345
[17] Baker, C. K. J., D. Reay: Energy Usage for Drying in Selected UK Industrial Sectors, Proceedings of the Third International Drying Symposium, Birmingham, England, Vol. 1, 1982, pp. 201-210
[18] Jonassen, O., I. Strommen: Non-adiabatic Heat Pump Fluidized Bed Drying of a Sticky Biological Material, 9th International Drying Symposium, Gold Coast, Australia, 1994.