Eksergija kao fizička mera održivosti energetskog sistema
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Apstrakt
Da li nam je potrebna energija ili eksergija? Količina eksergije u nosiocima energije prilično se razlikuje i cena obuhvata samo vrednost kvantiteta ali ne i kvali-teta energije. Eksergija predstavlja meru kvaliteta energije, zbog toga što je eksergi-ja samo jedan deo energija koji je na raspolaganju za obavljanje rada. Za različite potrebe potrebna nam je energija sa različitom količinom eksergije: za grejanje i hlađenje potrebna je energetska mešavina manje količine eksergije i većeg dela anergije. Prelazak na održivi energetski sistem, koji je bez emisije gasova sa efektom staklene bašte i koji je zasnovan na održivoj energiji, otvara pitanje kako vrednovati eksergiju iz solarne energije. Solarna energija u svim oblicima (iradijacija, vodni tokovi, vetar i biomasa) sastoji se skoro 100% eksergije. Solarna energija je best-platna, ali sistemi za njeno pretvaranje nisu. Da bi se maksimalno iskoristila posto-jeća infrastruktura, svi se slažu da je potreban održivi energetski sistem sa četiri glavna nosioca energije: električna energija, gasovito, tečno i čvrsto gorivo.
Našu viziju predstavlja novi održivi energetski sistem (OES) zasnovan na recikliranju ugljenika iz biomase korišćenjem solarne i planetarne energije za proi-zvodnju električne energije i vodonika. OES se zasniva na postojećoj infrastrukturi i poznatim hemijskim procesima. U pogledu raspoloživosti obnovljivih izvora energije (OIE), nema ograničenja u potređenju sa sadašnjom upotrebom fosilnih goriva. Predloženi OES se sastoji od tri glavna nosioca energije: električne energije, sinte-tičkog metana (CH4) i sintetičkog metanola (CH3OH).
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