Standardizacija u području termalne sredine
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Jul 4, 2017
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Ovaj rad se bavi hronološkom rekonstrukcijom osnova koje čine naučnu bazu međunarodnih standarda za procenu toplotne sredine. Prvi deo je posvećen opisu evolucije ove teme s posebnom pažnjom posvećenom najaktivnijim akterima u proš-losti. U drugom delu se daje pregled glavnih međunarodnih standarda u ovoj oblasti s posebnom pažnjom na njihov nastanak i pitanja o kojima se i dalje vode debate.
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ALFANO, Francesca Romana d’Ambrosio; OLESEN, Bjarne Wilkens; RICCIO, Giusepp.
Standardizacija u području termalne sredine.
Zbornik Međunarodnog kongresa i izložbe o KGH, [S.l.], v. 47, n. 1, p. 55-65, july 2017.
Dostupno na: <https://izdanja.smeits.rs/index.php/kghk/article/view/2705>. Datum pristupa: 16 oct. 2026
Sekcija
Standardizacija
Reference
[1] d – ™Ambrosio Alfano, F. R., Lopardo, G., Gli ambienti termici: un argomento recente con radici antiche, Proceedings of the 4° Convegno Nazionale dell – ™AISI, Naples, Italy, 2014.
[2] Gagge, A. P., Burton, A. C., Bazett H. C, A practical system of units for the description of the heat exchange of man with his environment, Science, 94 (1941), pp. 428-430.
[3] Burton, A. C., The operating characteristics of the human thermoregulatory mechanism. In: Temperature its measurement and Control in Science and In-dustry, 522- 528. New York: Reinholds Publishing Corporation.
[4] McIntyre, D. A., Indoor climate, Applied Science Publishers, London, 1980
[5] d – ™Ambrosio Alfano, F.R. 2012. L – ™abbigliamento: una questione non solo di moda. Atti del 3° Convegno Nazionale dell – ™AISI, 933-957 (in Italian).
[6] Belding, H. S., Russel, H. D., Darling, R. C., Folk, G. E., Thermal responses and efficiency of sweating when men are dressed in artic clothing and exposed to extreme cold, American Journal of Physiology, 149 (1947), pp. 204-222.
[7] Belding, H. S., Russel, H. D., Darling, R. C., Folk G. E., Analysis of factors concerned in maintaining energy balance for dressed men in extreme cold; ef-fects of activity on the protective value and comfort of an arctic uniform, Amer-ican Journal of Physiology, 149 (1947), 223-239.
[8] Fanger P. O., 1970. Thermal Comfort. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
[9] d – ™Ambrosio Alfano, F. R., Malchaire, J., Palella, B. I., Riccio, G., WBGT Index Revisited after 60 Years of Use, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 58 (2014), 8, pp. 955-970.
[10]Houghten, F. C., Yaglou, C. P., Determining equal comfort lines. ASHVE Transactions, 29 (1923), pp. 165-176.
[11]Gagge, A. P., Rational temperature indices of man – ™s thermal environment and their use with a 2-node model of his temperature regulation. Federation Proc, 32 (1973), 5, pp. 1572-1582.
[12]Gagge, A. P., Stolwijk, J. A. J., Nishi, Y., An effective temperature scale based on a simple model of human physiological regulatory response, ASHRAE Transactions, 77 (1971), 1, pp. 247-262.
[13]Yaglou, C. P., Minard, D., Control of heat casualties at military training cen-ters, AMA Archives of Industrial Health, 16 (1957), pp. 302-316.
[14]Kampmann, B., Pierkarski, C., The evaluation of workplaces subjected to heat stress: Can ISO 7933 adequately describe heat strain in industrial workplaces? Appl. Ergonomics 31 (2000), 1, pp. 59-71.
[15]Malchaire, J., Piette, A., Kampmann, B., Menhert, P., Gebhardt, H. J., Havenith, G. Den Hartog, E., Holmér, I., Parsons, K., Alfano, G., Griefahn, B., Development and Validation of the Predicted Heat Strain Model, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 45 (2001), 2, pp. 123-135.
[16]Wang, F., Kuklane, K., Gao, C., Holmér, I., Can the PHS model (ISO7933) predict reasonable thermophysiological, responses while wearing protective clothing in hot environments? Physiological Measurements, 32 (2011), pp. 239-249.
[17]Leblanc, J. 1975. Man in the Cold. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
[18]Holmér, I., Required Clothing Insulation (IREQ) as an Analytical Index of the Cold Stress, ASHRAE Transactions, 90 (1984), 1, pp. 1116-1128.
[19]Fanger, P. O., BÃ nhidi, L., Olesen, B.W., Langkilde, G., Comfort limits for heated ceilings, ASHRAE Transactions, 86 (1980), 2, pp. 141-156.
[20]Fanger, P. O., Christensen, N. K., Perception of draught in ventilated spaces, Ergonomics, 29 (1986), 2, pp. 215-235.
12 – ¢ 47. INTERNATIONAL HVAC&R CONGRESS AND EXHIBITION
[21]Olesen, B.W., Thermal Comfort Requirements for Floors Occupied by People with Bare Feet, ASHRAE Transactions 83 (1977), pp. 41-57.
[22]Olesen, B. W., Thermal comfort requirements for floors. Proceedings of Com-mission B1, B2, E1 of IIR., 1977
[23]Olesen, B. W., Scholer, M., Fanger, P. O., Discomfort caused by vertical temperature differencies. In: Indoor climate, 561-579. Copenhagen: Danish BRI, 1979.
[24]d – ™Ambrosio Alfano, F. R., Olesen, B. W., Palella B. I., Riccio G., Thermal Comfort: Design and Assessment for Energy Saving, Energy and Buildings 81 (2014), pp. 326-336.
[25]Halawa, E., van Hoof, J., The adaptive approach to thermal comfort: A critical overview, Energy and Buildings, 51 (2012), pp. 101-110.
[26]*** Council of the European Community, 1989. Council Directive 89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work.
[27]Malchaire, J. B., Gebhardt, H. J., Piette, A., Strategy for evaluation and pre-vention of risk due to work in thermal environment, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 43 (1999), 5, pp. 367-376.
[28]Palella, B. I., Quaranta, F., Riccio, G., On the management and prevention of heat stress for crews onboard ships, Ocean Engineering 112 (2016), pp. 277-286.
[29]Alfano, G., d – ™Ambrosio, F. R., Clothing: an essential individual adjustment factor for obtaining general thermal comfort, Environment International, 17 (1991), 4, pp. 205-209.
[30]McCullough, E. A., Arpin, E. J., Jones, B. W., Konz, S. A., Rohles, F. H., Heat Transfer Characteristics of Clothing Worn in Hot Industrial Environments, ASHRAE Transactions, 88 (1982), 1, pp. 1077-1094.
[31]Nishi, Y., Gonzalez, R. R., Gagge, A. P., Direct measurement of clothing heat transfer properties during sensible and insensible heat exchange with thermal environments, ASHRAE Transactions, 81 (1975), 2, pp. 183-199.
[32]Olesen, B. W., Sliwinska, E., Madsen, T. L., Fanger, P. O., Effect of Body Posture and Activity on the Thermal Insulation of Clothing: Measurements by a Movable Thermal Manikin, ASHRAE Transactions, 88 (1982), 2, pp. 791-805.
[33]Havenith, G., Holmér, I., den Hartog, E. A., Parsons, K. C., Clothing evapo-rative heat resistance. Proposal for improved representation in standards and models, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 43 (1999), pp. 339-346.
[34]Parsons, K., Havenith, G., Holmér, I., Nilsson, H., Malchaire, J. B., The Effects of Wind and Human Movement on the Heat and Vapour Transfer Pro-perties of Clothing, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 43 (1999), 5, pp. 347-352.
[35]Havenith, G., Nilsson, H., Correction of clothing insulation for movement and wind effects, a meta-analysis, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 92 (2004), pp. 636-640.
47. MEÄUNARODNI KONGRES I IZLOŽBA O KGH – ¢ 13
[36]*** ASTM F2370-10, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin, American Society of Testing and Materials International Philadelphia, 2010.
[37] Spitzer, H., Hettinger, T., Kaminsky, G., Tafeln für den Energieumsatz bei körperlicher Arbeit, Beuth Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1982.
[2] Gagge, A. P., Burton, A. C., Bazett H. C, A practical system of units for the description of the heat exchange of man with his environment, Science, 94 (1941), pp. 428-430.
[3] Burton, A. C., The operating characteristics of the human thermoregulatory mechanism. In: Temperature its measurement and Control in Science and In-dustry, 522- 528. New York: Reinholds Publishing Corporation.
[4] McIntyre, D. A., Indoor climate, Applied Science Publishers, London, 1980
[5] d – ™Ambrosio Alfano, F.R. 2012. L – ™abbigliamento: una questione non solo di moda. Atti del 3° Convegno Nazionale dell – ™AISI, 933-957 (in Italian).
[6] Belding, H. S., Russel, H. D., Darling, R. C., Folk, G. E., Thermal responses and efficiency of sweating when men are dressed in artic clothing and exposed to extreme cold, American Journal of Physiology, 149 (1947), pp. 204-222.
[7] Belding, H. S., Russel, H. D., Darling, R. C., Folk G. E., Analysis of factors concerned in maintaining energy balance for dressed men in extreme cold; ef-fects of activity on the protective value and comfort of an arctic uniform, Amer-ican Journal of Physiology, 149 (1947), 223-239.
[8] Fanger P. O., 1970. Thermal Comfort. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
[9] d – ™Ambrosio Alfano, F. R., Malchaire, J., Palella, B. I., Riccio, G., WBGT Index Revisited after 60 Years of Use, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 58 (2014), 8, pp. 955-970.
[10]Houghten, F. C., Yaglou, C. P., Determining equal comfort lines. ASHVE Transactions, 29 (1923), pp. 165-176.
[11]Gagge, A. P., Rational temperature indices of man – ™s thermal environment and their use with a 2-node model of his temperature regulation. Federation Proc, 32 (1973), 5, pp. 1572-1582.
[12]Gagge, A. P., Stolwijk, J. A. J., Nishi, Y., An effective temperature scale based on a simple model of human physiological regulatory response, ASHRAE Transactions, 77 (1971), 1, pp. 247-262.
[13]Yaglou, C. P., Minard, D., Control of heat casualties at military training cen-ters, AMA Archives of Industrial Health, 16 (1957), pp. 302-316.
[14]Kampmann, B., Pierkarski, C., The evaluation of workplaces subjected to heat stress: Can ISO 7933 adequately describe heat strain in industrial workplaces? Appl. Ergonomics 31 (2000), 1, pp. 59-71.
[15]Malchaire, J., Piette, A., Kampmann, B., Menhert, P., Gebhardt, H. J., Havenith, G. Den Hartog, E., Holmér, I., Parsons, K., Alfano, G., Griefahn, B., Development and Validation of the Predicted Heat Strain Model, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 45 (2001), 2, pp. 123-135.
[16]Wang, F., Kuklane, K., Gao, C., Holmér, I., Can the PHS model (ISO7933) predict reasonable thermophysiological, responses while wearing protective clothing in hot environments? Physiological Measurements, 32 (2011), pp. 239-249.
[17]Leblanc, J. 1975. Man in the Cold. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
[18]Holmér, I., Required Clothing Insulation (IREQ) as an Analytical Index of the Cold Stress, ASHRAE Transactions, 90 (1984), 1, pp. 1116-1128.
[19]Fanger, P. O., BÃ nhidi, L., Olesen, B.W., Langkilde, G., Comfort limits for heated ceilings, ASHRAE Transactions, 86 (1980), 2, pp. 141-156.
[20]Fanger, P. O., Christensen, N. K., Perception of draught in ventilated spaces, Ergonomics, 29 (1986), 2, pp. 215-235.
12 – ¢ 47. INTERNATIONAL HVAC&R CONGRESS AND EXHIBITION
[21]Olesen, B.W., Thermal Comfort Requirements for Floors Occupied by People with Bare Feet, ASHRAE Transactions 83 (1977), pp. 41-57.
[22]Olesen, B. W., Thermal comfort requirements for floors. Proceedings of Com-mission B1, B2, E1 of IIR., 1977
[23]Olesen, B. W., Scholer, M., Fanger, P. O., Discomfort caused by vertical temperature differencies. In: Indoor climate, 561-579. Copenhagen: Danish BRI, 1979.
[24]d – ™Ambrosio Alfano, F. R., Olesen, B. W., Palella B. I., Riccio G., Thermal Comfort: Design and Assessment for Energy Saving, Energy and Buildings 81 (2014), pp. 326-336.
[25]Halawa, E., van Hoof, J., The adaptive approach to thermal comfort: A critical overview, Energy and Buildings, 51 (2012), pp. 101-110.
[26]*** Council of the European Community, 1989. Council Directive 89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work.
[27]Malchaire, J. B., Gebhardt, H. J., Piette, A., Strategy for evaluation and pre-vention of risk due to work in thermal environment, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 43 (1999), 5, pp. 367-376.
[28]Palella, B. I., Quaranta, F., Riccio, G., On the management and prevention of heat stress for crews onboard ships, Ocean Engineering 112 (2016), pp. 277-286.
[29]Alfano, G., d – ™Ambrosio, F. R., Clothing: an essential individual adjustment factor for obtaining general thermal comfort, Environment International, 17 (1991), 4, pp. 205-209.
[30]McCullough, E. A., Arpin, E. J., Jones, B. W., Konz, S. A., Rohles, F. H., Heat Transfer Characteristics of Clothing Worn in Hot Industrial Environments, ASHRAE Transactions, 88 (1982), 1, pp. 1077-1094.
[31]Nishi, Y., Gonzalez, R. R., Gagge, A. P., Direct measurement of clothing heat transfer properties during sensible and insensible heat exchange with thermal environments, ASHRAE Transactions, 81 (1975), 2, pp. 183-199.
[32]Olesen, B. W., Sliwinska, E., Madsen, T. L., Fanger, P. O., Effect of Body Posture and Activity on the Thermal Insulation of Clothing: Measurements by a Movable Thermal Manikin, ASHRAE Transactions, 88 (1982), 2, pp. 791-805.
[33]Havenith, G., Holmér, I., den Hartog, E. A., Parsons, K. C., Clothing evapo-rative heat resistance. Proposal for improved representation in standards and models, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 43 (1999), pp. 339-346.
[34]Parsons, K., Havenith, G., Holmér, I., Nilsson, H., Malchaire, J. B., The Effects of Wind and Human Movement on the Heat and Vapour Transfer Pro-perties of Clothing, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 43 (1999), 5, pp. 347-352.
[35]Havenith, G., Nilsson, H., Correction of clothing insulation for movement and wind effects, a meta-analysis, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 92 (2004), pp. 636-640.
47. MEÄUNARODNI KONGRES I IZLOŽBA O KGH – ¢ 13
[36]*** ASTM F2370-10, Standard Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resistance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin, American Society of Testing and Materials International Philadelphia, 2010.
[37] Spitzer, H., Hettinger, T., Kaminsky, G., Tafeln für den Energieumsatz bei körperlicher Arbeit, Beuth Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1982.