Koncentrisani sunčevi toplotni prijemnici za hlađenje zgrada: procene za Grčku
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Apstrakt
Grčki sektor zgradarstva, naročito stambeni sektor, ima prilično veliku potrošnju energije u poređenju sa ostalim evropskim zemljama. Prema Eurostatu, specifična potrošnja energije je skoro dvostruko veća od one u Portugalu i znatno veća nego u zemljama sa hladnijim klimama, poput Danske. Od ukupne potrošnje energije, grčki sektor zgradarstva troši 36%, pri čemu se otprilike 65% energije koristi za grejanje i hlađenje. Grčka ima visok stepen sunčevog zračenja sa dugačkim periodima kada sunce sija, te prema tome ima veliku prednost za efikasnu primenu solarne energije. Solarno hlađenje predstavlja vrlo perspektivnu ekološku tehnologiju, jer koristi energiju sunca za pogon adsopcionih ili apsorpcionih rashladnih mašina koje proizvode hladnu vodu. Pored toga, korišćenjem koncentracionih solarnih kolektora postižu se znatno više dobijene temperature koje omogućavaju korišćenje dvostepe-nih apsorpcionih čilera sa višim koeficijentom učinka (COP), zbog čega su efkasniji u pogledu energetskog prinosa, manje zagađuju i atraktivniji su u smislu procene ekonomičnosti. Cilj ovog istraživanja jeste da se prikaže tehno-ekonomska i ekološka procena sistema za solarno hlađenje koji koristi koncentracione solarne termalne kolektore za potrebe hlađenja u grčkim zgradama. Analiza je obavljena za svaku od četiri klimatske zone na koje je zemlja podeljena prema nacionalnom propisu o energetskim karakteristikama zgrada (KENAK), uzimajući u obzir tri različita uobičajena tipa zgrada. Cilj istraživanje prikazanog u ovom radu jeste da poveća prodiranje takvih sistema na grčko tržište i, uopšte, da proširi primenu solarne termalne tehnologije van njenih utvrđenih domena.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Reference
[2] Dimoudi, A., Zoras, S., In: Energy Performance of Buildings: Energy Effi-ciency and Built Environments in Temperate Climates, Boemi S,-N., Irulegi O., Santamouris M. (Eds), Springer, 2015.
[3] Lapillone, B., Pollier, K., Samci, N., Energy Efficiency Trends for House-holds in the EU. EU - Odyssey _ Enerdata, November 2014, Science and Pol-icy Reports, Luxembourg: Report EUR 26888, ISBN 978-92-79-43603-1.
[4] Hellenic Statistical Authority (HAS), (2013). Survey on energy consumption in households in Greece 2011-2012.
[5] INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Solar heating and cooling pro-gramme - Solar heat worldwide - Markets and Contribution to the Energy Supply 2015, Austria, Edition 2013.
[6] Naukkarinen, P. Solar air conditioning and its role in alleviating the energy crisis of the Mediterranean hotels. IJSE, 28 (1-3), (2009) pp. 93-100.
[7] Oxizidis, S.,Papadopoulos, A.M. Solar Air Conditioning: A review of tech-nological and market Perspectives.Journal of Advances in Building Energy Research, 2(1), (2008) pp. 123-157.
[8] Henning, H.M..Solar-Assisted Air Conditioning in Buildings – A Handbook for Planners, Springer Wien, (2004), New York.
[9] Tsekouras, P., Drosou, V., Tzivanidis, C., Antonopoulos, K.A., Experi-mental results of a solar absorption cooling plant in Greece, International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 35(4), pp.309-322 (2016).
[10] Tsoutsos, T., Karagiorgas, M., Zidianakis, G., Drosou, V., Aidonis, A., Gouskos, Z., Moese, C. Development of the applications of solar thermal cooling systems in Greece and Cyprus. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 18(7b), (2009) pp. 1367-1380.
[11] V. Drosou, P. Lamaris, G. Vokas, Ph. Skittides Maintenance experience from solar assisted air conditioning installations in Greece.. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Solar Air Conditioning, Tarragona, Spain, October 18-19, 2007, edited by OTTI., 2007, pp. 129-139.
[12] SOLAR COMBI+ project (2010) http://www.solarcombiplus.eu, (updated on 2010, accessed on 15 May 2015).
[13] Sparber, W, Napolitano, A., P. Melograno, P., Overview on worldwide installed solar cooling systems, In: Proceedings of the 2nd SAC International Conference, Tarragona, Spain, 18-19 October 2007 edited by OTTI, 2007.
[14] HIGH-COMBI project (2011).http://www.highcombi.eu/(updated on 2011, accessed on 15 May 2015).
[15] Drosou, V., Tsekouras, P., Oikonomou, Th., Kosmopoulos, P., Karytsas, C. The HIGH-COMBI project: High solar fraction heating and cooling sys-tems with combination of innovative components and methods.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, (2014) pp. 463-472.
[16] Lovegrove K., Stein W., (ed) Concentrating solar power technology, Princi-ples, developments and applications, UK: Woodhead publishing Ltd. 2012.
[17] Ayadi O Solar Cooling Systems Utilizing Concentrating Solar Collectors; Design, Experimental Evaluation & Optimization, PhD Thesis, (2011) Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Energia.
[18] Edwards, C. Performance Assessment of Solar Absorption Cooling for Ontario Housing.Optimization. (2011). Carleton University.
[19] Fernández-GarcÃa, A. et al., Parabolic-trough solar collectors and their applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(7), (2010). pp.1695-1721.
[20] Henning, H.-M., Status and Perspectives of Solar Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration.In 4th International conference solar air-conditioning 2011.Larnaca, Cyprus, (2011)pp. 18-33.
[21] Drosou, V. Kosmopoulos, P., Papadopoulos, A.M Solar cooling system using concentrating collectors for office buildings: A case study for Greece, Renewable Energy, Volume 97, (2016), pp. 697-708.
[22] Drosou V., Tsekouras P., Kosmopoulos P., Dimoudi A., Papadopoulos A.M. Concentrating solar thermal systems: Perspectives for Greece, Pro-ceedings of the 5th International Conference on Renewable Energy Sources & Energy Efficiency, 5-6 May, Nicosia, (2016) Cyprus.