Rashladni fluidi, današnje stanje i budući razvoj
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Mar 5, 2019
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Izložen je kratki istorijat primene rashladnih fluida od pojave prvih parnih kompresorskih rashladnih uređaja do danas i opisana pojava rashladnih fluida CFC i njihova ekspanzija primene u rashladnoj tehnici i ostalim područjima. Izneta su saznanja o štetnim uticajima CFC na ozonski sloj i efekat "staklene bašte" i aktivnostima međunarodnih i nacionalnih asocijacija na smanjenju i eliminisanju CFC (i HCFC) iz upotrebe. Navode se novi rashladni fluidi kao zamena za zabranjene CFC, kriterijumi koje treba da zadovoljavaju, njihova primena u zavisnosti od temperaturnog područja i veličine rashladnih uređaja. Pobrojani su najveći proizvođači rashladnih fluida u svetu i njihovi novi proizvodi. Analiziraju se polemike između predstavnika različitih interesnih grupa, oko budućeg razvoja i izbora rashladnih fluida.
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Kako citirati
CICONKOV, Risto.
Rashladni fluidi, današnje stanje i budući razvoj.
Zbornik Međunarodnog kongresa i izložbe o KGH, [S.l.], v. 26, n. 1, p. 43-54, mar. 2019.
Dostupno na: <https://izdanja.smeits.rs/index.php/kghk/article/view/4311>. Datum pristupa: 05 sep. 2026
Sekcija
Opšta problematika tehnike hlađenja
Reference
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[18] Dubois, Ðœ., Реrrеnоuд, Ðœ.: Compatibilitie entre le SUVA ÐÐ 62 (R404A) et les materiaux, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 2, 1994, France.
[19] Bourgeois, C.: Elf Atochem et la substitution du R-22, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 2, 1994, France.
[20] Vriant, G.: Consequences pгatiques de l'interdiction des СFС dans les еntгеpots frigorifiques, Revue Generale du Froid, No 3, 1994, France.
[21] Bernier, Ј., Tixier, Ð.: Stгаtеgiе Qualite роur les installations neuves еt роur la survie du раrÑ existant, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 3, 1994, France.
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[24] Ð’illiаrd, F.: Le froid dans les I.Ð.Ð. аu rеgаrd е l'environnment, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 951, 1995, France.
[25] Marioton, С.: Remplacement des R12, R500 et R502: comment Ñhоisiг?, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 952, 1995. France.
[26] Кеllу, Ð.: Chill оut оn гoute 66, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, February, 1994, England.
[27] Strong, D.: Natural refrigerants: the next revolution? Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, August, 1994, England.
[28] Campell, N.: The road tо phase-out, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, November, 1994, England.
[29] Frolov,I. (1995). Retrofit oborudovanija, nа hladagent R12 i R502, Holodilnаја tehnika, No 2, 1995, Rusija.
[30] * * *: ЈСI Klеа Solutions, IСI Technical Information, 1995, England.
[З1] * * *: The steps tо а CFC-free futurе, Technical Information, Hoechst, Јаnuary, 1992, Germany.
[32] * * *: Refrigeration without CFCs, Hoechst takes the logical path: System Reclin, Hoechst, January, 1992, Germany.
[ЗЗ] * * *: Hoechst and CFC substitutes, Technical Information, Hoechst, Јunе, 1994, Germany.
[З4] * * *: Dehon contact, Le journal des specialistes du froid, No. 9, 199З, Dehon, France.
[З5] Дрнда, Ð¥.: Ðови проuзводи во гpeeÑšeÑ‚o, ледењето и кондициониpaÑšeÑ‚o на воздухот, IV Ñоветување на термичарите на Македонија, Охрид, 199З, Македонија.
[З6] Cavallini, Ð.: Working fluids фор mechanical refrigeration, Ð¥IÐ¥ International Congress ofRefrigeration, Hague, 1995, The Netherlands.
[З7] Nielsen, О., Schreiber, Ј.: Ð roраnе as rеfrigеrаnt in ÑоmmегÑiаl refrigerating - аn example in practice, Ð¥IÐ¥ Iпtеrnаtiоnаl Congress of Refrigeration, Hague, 1995, Тhе Netherlands.
[З8] Nowotny, S.: Conversion оf refrigerators and freezers manufactured in developing countries tо the application оf environmental benign rеfгigеrаnts and fоаm blowing agents, ХIХ International Congress of Refrigeration, Hague, 1995, The Netherlands.
[2] McLinden, М., Didion, D.: Quest for altematives, ASHRAE Journal, No. 12, 1987, USA.
[3] Spauschus, Ð.: Compatibility геquiгеmепts for СFС alternatives, International Journal of Refrigeration, No. 2, 1990, IIR, France.
[4] Kuijpers, L: UNEP assessment оf thе Montreal Protocol: Refrigeration within thе framework оf the technology review, Int. Journal of Refrigeration, No. 2, 1990, IIR, France.
[5] Muir, Е. : СоmmеrÑiаl refrigeration and CFCs, Int. Јоurnаl of refrigeration, No. 2,1990, IIR , France.
[6] Shankland, I.: СFС altrenatives fог thermal insulation foams, Int. Јоurnal of Refrigeration, No. 2,1990, IIR, France.
[7] Кruse, Ð.: СFС research programmes in Western Еurоре, Int. Јоurnаl of Refrigeration, No. 2, 1990, IIR, France.
[8] Ushimaru, К: ImраÑt оf СFС curtailment оn refrigeration and mitigation геsearch in Јараn, Int. Јоurnal of Refrigeration, No. 2, 1990, IIR, France.
[9] Кruse, Ð.: Еurореаn research concerning СFС and ÐСFС substitution, Int. Јоurnal of Refrigeration, No. 3, 1994, IIR, France.
[10] Lorentzen, G.: The usе оf natuгаl refrigerants: а complete solution tо СFС/ÐСFС predicament, Int. Јоurnаl of Refrigeration, No. 3. 1995, IIR, France.
[11] Lorentzen, G.: Les СFС, unе strategie роur reduire les pertes dans l'atmosphere, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 5, 1990, France.
[12] Duminil, М.: Sur la designation des frigorigenes, Revue Generale du Froid, No.5,1990,France.
[13] Roux, G.: Les substituts des СFС, еt les performances de mousses de роlyuгеthanne, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 5, 1990.
[14] Ð’riаn, C.: Revision du protocole de Моntгеаl ÑоnfегеnÑе de Lоndгеs, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 5, 1990, France.
[15] Duminil, Ðœ.: Les melanges de transition Ñоmmе frigorigenes de геmÑ€laÑеmеnt direct du R-502, Generale du Froid, No. 2, 1994, France.
[16] Macaudiere, S.: Le R404A: Le demier-ne d'une nouvelle serie de fluides frigorigenes, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 2,1994, France.
[17] Marion, Ð.: Le R404A et les lubrifiants, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 2, 1994, France.
[18] Dubois, Ðœ., Реrrеnоuд, Ðœ.: Compatibilitie entre le SUVA ÐÐ 62 (R404A) et les materiaux, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 2, 1994, France.
[19] Bourgeois, C.: Elf Atochem et la substitution du R-22, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 2, 1994, France.
[20] Vriant, G.: Consequences pгatiques de l'interdiction des СFС dans les еntгеpots frigorifiques, Revue Generale du Froid, No 3, 1994, France.
[21] Bernier, Ј., Tixier, Ð.: Stгаtеgiе Qualite роur les installations neuves еt роur la survie du раrÑ existant, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 3, 1994, France.
[22] Fevre, Ðœ.: Les isolants а base de polyurethane еt les rерlaÑеmеnt des СFС, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 4, 1995. France.
[23] Stewart, Ð., Spence, Ð’.: Les lubrifiants роur utilisation avec les replacants du R22 еt du R502, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 9, 1994, France.
[24] Ð’illiаrd, F.: Le froid dans les I.Ð.Ð. аu rеgаrd е l'environnment, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 951, 1995, France.
[25] Marioton, С.: Remplacement des R12, R500 et R502: comment Ñhоisiг?, Revue Generale du Froid, No. 952, 1995. France.
[26] Кеllу, Ð.: Chill оut оn гoute 66, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, February, 1994, England.
[27] Strong, D.: Natural refrigerants: the next revolution? Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, August, 1994, England.
[28] Campell, N.: The road tо phase-out, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, November, 1994, England.
[29] Frolov,I. (1995). Retrofit oborudovanija, nа hladagent R12 i R502, Holodilnаја tehnika, No 2, 1995, Rusija.
[30] * * *: ЈСI Klеа Solutions, IСI Technical Information, 1995, England.
[З1] * * *: The steps tо а CFC-free futurе, Technical Information, Hoechst, Јаnuary, 1992, Germany.
[32] * * *: Refrigeration without CFCs, Hoechst takes the logical path: System Reclin, Hoechst, January, 1992, Germany.
[ЗЗ] * * *: Hoechst and CFC substitutes, Technical Information, Hoechst, Јunе, 1994, Germany.
[З4] * * *: Dehon contact, Le journal des specialistes du froid, No. 9, 199З, Dehon, France.
[З5] Дрнда, Ð¥.: Ðови проuзводи во гpeeÑšeÑ‚o, ледењето и кондициониpaÑšeÑ‚o на воздухот, IV Ñоветување на термичарите на Македонија, Охрид, 199З, Македонија.
[З6] Cavallini, Ð.: Working fluids фор mechanical refrigeration, Ð¥IÐ¥ International Congress ofRefrigeration, Hague, 1995, The Netherlands.
[З7] Nielsen, О., Schreiber, Ј.: Ð roраnе as rеfrigеrаnt in ÑоmmегÑiаl refrigerating - аn example in practice, Ð¥IÐ¥ Iпtеrnаtiоnаl Congress of Refrigeration, Hague, 1995, Тhе Netherlands.
[З8] Nowotny, S.: Conversion оf refrigerators and freezers manufactured in developing countries tо the application оf environmental benign rеfгigеrаnts and fоаm blowing agents, ХIХ International Congress of Refrigeration, Hague, 1995, The Netherlands.