Optimizacija efikasnosti fotonaponskih sistema putem pasivnog i aktivnog hlađenja: procena dvostrukog pristupa PVGIS
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Feb 16, 2026
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Marius Costel Balan
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8285-6640
Andrei Burlacu
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3926-421X
Robert Ștefan Vizitiu
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5806-4902
Ștefanica Eliza Vizitiu
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1196-7164
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8285-6640
Andrei Burlacu
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3926-421X
Robert Ștefan Vizitiu
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5806-4902
Ștefanica Eliza Vizitiu
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1196-7164
Apstrakt
Operativna efikasnost fotonaponskih modula u velikoj meri zavisi od temperature ćelija, koja ima tendenciju značajnog porasta pod kontinuiranim izlaganjem suncu, što dovodi do smanjenja električnog izlaza. Ovaj rad predstavlja sveobuhvatno eksperimentalno i numeričko istraživanje dve strategije upravljanja toplotom – pasivnog i aktivnog hlađenja – primenjenih na hibridne fotonaponsko-termalne (PVT) module. U pasivnoj konfiguraciji, toplotne cevi su pričvršćene na zadnju stranu PV modula kako bi se višak toplote disipirao prirodnom konvekcijom. Eksperimentalni testovi i CFD simulacije pokazali su smanjenje temperature od 12–20 °C korišćenjem uskih toplotnih cevi i 14–18 °C korišćenjem širokih toplotnih cevi, što je dovelo do poboljšanja električne efikasnosti od 4,5–7,1% i 5,2–6,6%, respektivno. Šire toplotne cevi pokazale su superiorne termalne performanse zahvaljujući povećanoj kontaktnoj površini i boljoj raspodeli toplote. Za aktivno hlađenje, istražena su tri sistema zasnovana na vodi: serpentina, header-riser i višestruka serpentina. Hlađenje je postignuto kontinuiranom cirkulacijom vode, a eksperimenti su pokazali prosečno smanjenje temperature ćelija do 31 °C. Električna efikasnost poboljšana je za 6,4–11,6%, dok je termalna efikasnost dostigla vrednosti između 62% i 83%, u zavisnosti od konfiguracije. Među svim testiranim rešenjima, sistem header-riser pokazao se kao najefikasniji, postigavši ukupnu efikasnost veću od 90% u optimalnim uslovima. Analiza raspodele temperature putem infracrvene termografije potvrdila je ravnomernije hlađenje u aktivnim sistemima, naročito u konfiguraciji header-riser. Međutim, pasivno hlađenje ostaje privlačno za aplikacije sa niskim zahtevima za održavanje, zahvaljujući svojoj jednostavnosti i odsustvu potrebe za dodatnom energijom. Nalazi potvrđuju da oba metoda – pasivno i aktivno hlađenje – značajno poboljšavaju performanse PVT modula, pri čemu svaki nudi prednosti u zavisnosti od ograničenja primene, kao što su složenost sistema, energetska autonomija i klimatski uslovi.
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Kako citirati
COSTEL BALAN, Marius et al.
Optimizacija efikasnosti fotonaponskih sistema putem pasivnog i aktivnog hlađenja: procena dvostrukog pristupa PVGIS.
Zbornik Međunarodnog kongresa i izložbe o KGH, [S.l.], v. 56, n. 1, p. 233-247, feb. 2026.
Dostupno na: <https://izdanja.smeits.rs/index.php/kghk/article/view/8290>. Datum pristupa: 12 mar. 2026
Broj časopisa
Sekcija
Primena sunčeve energije u praksi – izazovi eksploatacije
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[26] M. Hu, R. Zheng, G. Pei, Y. Wang, J. Li, and J. Ji, Experimental study of the effect of incli-nation angle on the thermal performance of heat pipe photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems with wickless heat pipe and wire-meshed heat pipe, Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 106, pp. 651–660, Aug. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.003.
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[28] K. Mankani, H. Nasarullah Chaudhry, and J. Kaiser Calautit, Optimization of an air-cooled heat sink for cooling of a solar photovoltaic panel: A computational study, Energy Build., vol. 270, p. 112274, Sept. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112274.
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[30] F. Selimefendigil, F. Bayrak, and H. F. Oztop, Experimental analysis and dynamic modeling of a photovoltaic module with porous fins, Renew. Energy, vol. 125, pp. 193–205, Sept. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.02.002.
[31] M. Kong, H. Joo, and H. Kwak, Experimental identification of effects of using dual airflow path on the performance of roof-type BAPV system, Energy Build., vol. 226, p. 110403, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110403.
[2] W. S. Ebhota and P. Y. Tabakov, Influence of photovoltaic cell technologies and elevated temperature on photovoltaic system performance, Ain Shams Eng. J., vol. 14, no. 7, p. 101984, July 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2022.101984.
[3] A. R. Abdulmunem, P. Mohd Samin, H. Abdul Rahman, H. A. Hussien, I. Izmi Mazali, and H. Ghazali, Numerical and experimental analysis of the tilt angle’s effects on the character-istics of the melting process of PCM-based as PV cell’s backside heat sink, Renew. Energy, vol. 173, pp. 520–530, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.04.014.
[4] P. Huang, G. Wei, L. Cui, C. Xu, and X. Du, Numerical investigation of a dual-PCM heat sink using low melting point alloy and paraffin, Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 189, p. 116702, May 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116702.
[5] Y. Sheikh, M. Jasim, M. O. Hamdan, B. A. Abu-Nabah, and F. Gerner, Design and per-formance assessment of a solar photovoltaic panel integrated with heat pipes and bio-based phase change material: A hybrid passive cooling strategy, J. Energy Storage, vol. 100, p. 113706, Oct. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.est.2024.113706.
[6] A. M. Elbreki, A. F. Muftah, K. Sopian, H. Jarimi, A. Fazlizan, and A. Ibrahim, Experi-mental and economic analysis of passive cooling PV module using fins and planar reflector, Case Stud. Therm. Eng., vol. 23, p. 100801, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2020.100801.
[7] S. N. Razali et al., Performance enhancement of photovoltaic modules with passive cooling mul-tidirectional tapered fin heat sinks (MTFHS), Case Stud. Therm. Eng., vol. 50, p. 103400, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2023.103400.
[8] F. Hachem, B. Abdulhay, M. Ramadan, H. El Hage, M. G. El Rab, and M. Khaled, Im-proving the performance of photovoltaic cells using pure and combined phase change materials – Experiments and transient energy balance, Renew. Energy, vol. 107, no. C, pp. 567–575, 2017.
[9] M. S. Hossain, A. K. Pandey, J. Selvaraj, N. A. Rahim, M. M. Islam, and V. V. Tyagi, Two side serpentine flow based photovoltaic-thermal-phase change materials (PVT-PCM) sys-tem: Energy, exergy and economic analysis, Renew. Energy, vol. 136, no. C, pp. 1320–1336, 2019.
[10] K. Kant, A. Shukla, A. Sharma, and P. H. Biwole, Heat transfer studies of photovoltaic panel coupled with phase change material, Sol. Energy, vol. 140, pp. 151–161, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2016.11.006.
[11] V. Ranawade and K. S. Nalwa, Multilayered PCMs-based cooling solution for photovoltaic modules: Modelling and experimental study, Renew. Energy, vol. 216, p. 119136, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.119136.
[12] S. Nižetić, M. Jurčević, D. Čoko, and M. Arıcı, A novel and effective passive cooling strategy for photovoltaic panel, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 145, p. 111164, July 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111164.
[13] A. Al Miaari and H. M. Ali, Technical method in passive cooling for photovoltaic panels using phase change material, Case Stud. Therm. Eng., vol. 49, p. 103283, Sept. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2023.103283.
[14] A. Kazemian, M. Hosseinzadeh, M. Sardarabadi, and M. Passandideh-Fard, Experimental study of using both ethylene glycol and phase change material as coolant in photovoltaic thermal systems (PVT) from energy, exergy and entropy generation viewpoints, Energy, vol. 162, pp. 210–223, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.07.069.
[15] R. Jilte, A. Afzal, and S. Panchal, A novel battery thermal management system using nano-enhanced phase change materials, Energy, vol. 219, p. 119564, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.119564.
[16] M. Aqib, A. Hussain, H. M. Ali, A. Naseer, and F. Jamil, Studii de caz experimentale privind efectul nanoparticulelor de Al₂O₃ și nanoparticulelor de carbon din oțel inoxidabil (MWCNT ) asupra încălzirii și răcirii PCM, Case Stud. Therm. Eng., vol. 22, p. 100753, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2020.100753.
[17] P. B, V. A. A, S. Nižetić, and M. Arıcı, An experimental investigation on thermal energy stor-age characteristics of nanocomposite particles dispersed phase change material for solar photo-voltaic module cooling, J. Energy Storage, vol. 73, p. 109221, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.est.2023.109221.
[18] G. Wang, B. Wang, X. Yuan, J. Lin, and Z. Chen, Novel design and analysis of a solar PVT system using LFR concentrator and nano-fluids optical filter, Case Stud. Therm. Eng., vol. 27, p. 101328, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2021.101328.
[19] G. Wang, Y. Yao, J. Lin, Z. Chen, and P. Hu, Design and thermodynamic analysis of a novel solar CPV and thermal combined system utilizing spectral beam splitter, Renew. Energy, vol. 155, pp. 1091–1102, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.04.024.
[20] G. Wang, Z. Zhang, and Z. Chen, Design and performance evaluation of a novel CPV-T sys-tem using nano-fluid spectrum filter and with high solar concentrating uniformity, Energy, vol. 267, p. 126616, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.126616.
[21] H. Liang et al., Experimental investigation on spectral splitting of photovoltaic/thermal hybrid system with two-axis sun tracking based on SiO2/TiO2 interference thin film, Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 188, pp. 230–240, May 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2019.03.060.
[22] C. Kandilli, Performance analysis of a novel concentrating photovoltaic combined system, En-ergy Convers. Manag., vol. 67, pp. 186–196, Mar. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2012.11.020.
[23] G. Wang, F. Wang, F. Shen, Z. Chen, and P. Hu, Novel design and thermodynamic analysis of a solar concentration PV and thermal combined system based on compact linear Fresnel reflec-tor, Energy, vol. 180, pp. 133–148, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.05.082.
[24] H. Zhang and J. Zhuang, Research, development and industrial application of heat pipe tech-nology in China, Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 1067–1083, June 2003, doi: 10.1016/S1359-4311(03)00037-1.
[25] H. Jouhara, A. Chauhan, T. Nannou, S. Almahmoud, B. Delpech, and L. C. Wrobel, Heat pipe based systems - Advances and applications, Energy, vol. 128, pp. 729–754, June 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.04.028.
[26] M. Hu, R. Zheng, G. Pei, Y. Wang, J. Li, and J. Ji, Experimental study of the effect of incli-nation angle on the thermal performance of heat pipe photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems with wickless heat pipe and wire-meshed heat pipe, Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 106, pp. 651–660, Aug. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.003.
[27] E. Johnston, P. S. B. Szabo, and N. S. Bennett, Cooling silicon photovoltaic cells using finned heat sinks and the effect of inclination angle, Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., vol. 23, p. 100902, June 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2021.100902.
[28] K. Mankani, H. Nasarullah Chaudhry, and J. Kaiser Calautit, Optimization of an air-cooled heat sink for cooling of a solar photovoltaic panel: A computational study, Energy Build., vol. 270, p. 112274, Sept. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112274.
[29] F. Bayrak, H. F. Oztop, and F. Selimefendigil, Effects of different fin parameters on tempera-ture and efficiency for cooling of photovoltaic panels under natural convection, Sol. Energy, vol. 188, pp. 484–494, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2019.06.036.
[30] F. Selimefendigil, F. Bayrak, and H. F. Oztop, Experimental analysis and dynamic modeling of a photovoltaic module with porous fins, Renew. Energy, vol. 125, pp. 193–205, Sept. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.02.002.
[31] M. Kong, H. Joo, and H. Kwak, Experimental identification of effects of using dual airflow path on the performance of roof-type BAPV system, Energy Build., vol. 226, p. 110403, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110403.