Optimalni parametri naftovoda, investiciona ulaganja i troškovi
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Apstrakt
U radu su razmatrani optimalni parametari naftovoda kao što su: trasa naftovoda i prečnik cevovoda. Kod izračunavanja cene transporta naftovodom, kao i kod izbora optimalnih parametara sa kriterijumom minimalnih troškova, osnovu proračuna čine godišnji troškovi. Amortizacioni vek cevovoda iznosi od 15 do 20 godina. Pumpne stanice imaju amortizacioni vek 10 do 15 godina. Troškovi održavanja naftovoda obuhvataju troškove održavanja i funkcionisanja naftovoda. Investicije za pumpnu stanici iznose oko 1100 $ / kW. Investicije za gradnju cevovoda prečnika 323 - 710 mm, kreću se u opsegu 160 340 - 330 050 $ / km. Izbor optimalnog prečnika u odnosu na godišnje troškove predstavlja upoređenje troškova cevovoda i troškova pumpnih stanica u varijantama sa različitim prečnicima cevovoda. U ovom radu razmatran je magistralni naftovod, dužine l = 91000 m i kapaciteta 500 - 700 m3/h. Dobijen je optimalni prečnik cevovoda D = 457 mm. Pad pritiska Δp je opsegu 30 - 40 bar. Za transport nafte, izbor snage pumpnih agregata ima veliki značaj. Prema ukupnom padu pritiska, planira se raspored i broj pumpnih stanica na trasi naftovoda. Usvajanjem pumpi sa većim pritiskom, smanjuje se broj pumpnih stanica i obrnuto.
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Reference
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